Tungsten Granule CS Testing – Weight Method

Weight method is an accurate calculating method for testing carbon and sulfur contents. Carbon testing is always using alkali asbestos to absorb CO2 and calculate the value by difference. Sulfur testing is using wet method; sample is under decomposition and oxidation by applying acid and change into sulfate. Add BaCl2 into sulfate and react into barium sulfate, use tungsten granule as flux, go through processes of precipitation, filtration, washing, and burning, weight and calculate the weight of sulfur.

The testing speed is very slow, so that it is not used in cooperate spot CS testing, but its testing result is accurate, so it is still acceptable in labs and research institute.

Operation cautions when using weight method:
1. Proper sample quantity.
2. Precipitant can not volatile should be used proper quantity, by over 20~30%.
3. Adding precipitant should be slow for making large particle.
4. Precipitate filtration and cleaning use pouring method, which should be along glass rod.
5. Precipitate drying and burning should do according to the designed temperature.

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Tungsten Granule CS Testing – Gas Volumetric Method

Gas volumetri method is a method for testing content of C and S by using tungsten granule as catalyst. Mostly, gas volumetric method and non-aqueous titration method are used to test carbon, and iodometry and acid base titration method are for sulfur test. These methods are two most popular ones in China. The standards used for this method are GB223.69-97and GB223.68-97, which can be found the full content as following. It is a quick method that only takes 45 seconds for a result. The acceptable content is under 0.050% for carbon and under 0.005% for sulfur.

Two standards for testing carbon and sulfur:
GB223.69 Iron, steel and alloy - determination of carbon contents – Gas-volumetric method for combustion in the pipe furnace
GB223.68 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy, the potassium iodate titration method after combustion in the pipe furnace for the determination of sulfur content

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Tungsten Granule CS Testing – Infrared Detection Method

The most popular method for testing contents of C and S is infrared detection method, by using tungsten granule as flux.

During testing, C and S will react with O2 to CO2 and SO2. The mixed gases flow into separate furnace. Corresponding infrared radiation absorbs related gas, and the detector forwarded to the signal, the computer processing output. It can be used to test both high CS content and low CS content. And its testing is high speed, accurate, and sensitive. Now the testing objects range steel, iron, alloy, nonferrous metals, rare earth, cement, ore, coke, coal, slag, ceramics, casting core sand and so on.

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Tungsten Granule CS Analyzer Electric Arc Furnace Operation Caution

Operation processes of tungsten granule CS analyzer electric arc furnace:

1. Electric arc furnace should use high-purity oxygen combustion. Oxygen must be used in accordance with the safe operation of oxygen operating procedures as "oxygen first, then gas". Adjust oxygen as 0.04Mpa. Adjust the flow meter flow rate to 100L / h. Oxygen supply system for oxygen should be from the oxygen valve.
2. Connect the power cord, if the shell has a very weak live, should be connected to a safe bottom line and then electric pen detection. Make the arc furnace crucible seat and the shell is not charged, then operator can operate the electric arc furnace.
3. After the arc burner work, the crucible and crucible seat temperature is high, avoid hand touch. And then press the arc button, make sure not touch the combustion system.
4. Should be used according to the ammeter on the surface of the box, adjust the electrode rod end of the crucible within the sample gap (4-8mm). when finding the meter reading is very small or no reading after pressing the "arc" button means the gap is too large, if the reading is too large or beyond the limits of the scope, then adjust in time.
5. Under normal opeation, each time to be lit, as long as click the "arc" button instantly, hands off, sample burned. If press over one time, but still not ignite, should check the pole on the sample gap. Do not press the "arc" button for a long time or components will be burned.
6. Test the application of 3-4 curve tables, if a single standard sample should be similar to the test sample content is similar. Otherwise the deviation will occurred for calculation problem.

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Tungsten Granule CS Analyzer Operation Caution

Use tungsten granule as catalyst for CS analyzer, the operation cautions of the analyzer are

1. Change sulfur absorption solution under flowing oxygen.
2. CS analyzer is using carbon and sulfur joint testing. CO2 first and then SO2. Titration should be carbon first, the upper part of the absorption cup to keep blue, in order to prevent carbon from running out. Set carbon to the end and then set sulfur. Sulfur set to near the end for a while, and then slowly set to the end, or the quantity of sulfur will easy overdose.
3. Keep instrument away from acid, alkaline and other corrosive gases.
4. Keep temperature 10~30℃ and humidity under 75%.
5. After the analysis of the sample, the sulfur absorption solution should be dropped, and added new solution to the same volume, to prevent carbon absorption solution from suction. If there is suction occurred, the bottle should be cleared or the sulfur testing will be lower than expected in next testing.
6. Power off analyzer according to the processes. Do not power off directly, or data may lose.

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Tungsten Granule CS Analyzer Operation Process

Operation process of tungsten granule CS analyzer:

1. Turn on power and oxygen, adjust oxygen output to 0.04MPa.
2. Connect the electric arc furnace power line, the inlet and outlet pipes with the specified power source, low pressure oxygen and test equipment. The crucible seat and the electric arc furnace shell are not energized.
3. Add adding element I, II and sample to the crucible, and then add III. The upper part of the crucible is clamped by the crucible holder to move into the crucible holder. Add reagent.
4. Lift crucible and make bottom of crucible match with seals.
5. Connect electricity.
6. Open the "front oxygen" "after control" switches, and adjust the flow meter flow rate of 100L / h.
7. Press the Arc Start button (time 0.2-0.5s) to burn the sample.
8. Titration sulfur absorption solution, the sulfur absorption liquid color was bright green, the titration consumption of the volume recorded ml.
9. Continue testing, drop half of sulfur absorption solution and add half of new solution. Finish testing, drop all sulfur absorption solution.
10. Turn off "front oxygen", until the meter float down to the bottom, and then close the "after control", remove the crucible, pour the residue.
11. Sulfur absorption solution in each measurement should be titrated to show green.
12. S content = standard sample S content / standard consuming solution volume * sample consuming solution volume.

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Tungsten Granule CS Analyzer - Carbon Solution Preparation

CS analyzer is an instrument to test content of C and S, and tungsten granule is used an adding element to accelerate the reaction speed.

Preparation of carbon testing solution
Reagent: Potassium hydroxide (50%) is stored in plastic bottles, thymol phthalide (0.5%) ethanol solution, ethanol (95%), ethanolamine, glycerol

Carbon absorption solution preparation
Add 500ml ethanol (95%), 30ml ethanolamine, 10ml thymolphthalein, 20ml glycerol (summer may not add), diluted with ethanol to a solution of potassium hydroxide (50%) (test steel 5ml / l, iron 10ml / l) 1L, shake, storage.

Carbon calibration solution preparation is the same as absorption solution.

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Tungsten Granule CS Analyzer - Sulfur Absorbent Solution

CS analyzer is an instrument to test content of C and S.Tungsten granule is used an adding element to accelerate the reaction speed. In the testing process, solution is an indispensable test agent. Following will introduce the preparation method of the solution.

Preparation of sulfur testing solution
Reagents: Hydrogen peroxide (30%), sulfuric acid (1 +85), sodium hydroxide (4%), methyl red / bromocresol green mixed indicator (called methyl red, bromocresol 0.4g respectively 250ml ethanol dissolved in the combined storage.)

Preparation of sulfur absorbent solution
After cooling with 1 liter of distilled water, add 20ml of hydrogen peroxide (30%), 20ml of mixed indicator, 2 drops of sulfuric acid (1 +85), and then dilute to 2 liters with boiling distilled water. The solution should be red.

Preparation of sulfur calibration solution
With 6ml of sodium hydroxide (4%), diluted with boiling distilled water to 2 liters, shake aside. (About 0.003 equivalents of sodium hydroxide)

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