Tungsten Bolt

Tungsten bolt is a fasten part used to combine the head and thread bolt. This is not a separate part during using in the machine parts, it should be used together with screw and for the center hole mechanical parts screwed together. There are many types of bolt head, can be straight line, hexagonal, etc.
Bolts, also known as a screw, bolt screws, or called be called fasteners directly. It is mainly applied the principles of physics and mathematical slant circular rotation and friction, and is a gradual tightening artifacts mechanical tool.

Bolts are widely used in daily life and industrial production, which is also known as the rice of industry. Bolts are mainly used in electronic products, machinery products, digital products, electrical equipment, machinery and electrical machinery products. Ships, vehicles, water conservancy, even chemistry experiment are also applied bolt. Other applications, such as double-precision bolts used in DVD, cameras, eyeglasses, watches, electronics, micro bolts, large bolts used in television, electrical products, musical instruments, furniture and other general bolts.

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Tungsten Tube

Tungsten tube, also named wolfram tube is a main product of pure tungsten products, which is making with purity of 99.95%min. meanwhile, its density can be higher to 18.2g/cm3 for sintering and 19.2g/cm3 after swaging. With its high density, the product is widely used as shielding material. As for the material is also with tungsten properties, high melting point, high boiling point, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion. The tube can be used as pipe in melting other metals.

Tungsten tube is making according to GB/T 4187-1984 in Chinese standard and international standard of ASTM F288-90. The physical and chemical properties can reach the attached parts as the basic standard.

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Ceriated Tungsten Electrode-Chinatungsten

Ceriated tungsten electrode has good starting arc performance under the condition of low current. As the arc current is low, these electrodes can be used for welding of pipe, stainless steel and fine parts. Cerium-Tungsten is the best substitute for Thoriated-Tungsten under the condition of low DC.

Cerium tungsten electrode is the electrode of tungsten added with 2% CeO2.The power of its electronic transgression is 2.4ev,less than that of thorium-tungsten electrode. Its arc derivation voltage is also lower with better arc derivation function and higher arc power stability.The current allowed under the condition of anode direct current is higher and the burn spoilage is smaller.

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Lanthanated Tungsten Electrode-Chinatungsten

The lanthanated tungsten electrode is becoming more popular in the circle of welding in the world soon after they were developed, because of their good welding performance. The electric conductivity of lanthanated tungsten electrode is most closed to that of 2% thoriated Tungsten electrodes. Welders can easily replace thoriated tungsten electrodes with lanthanated tungsten electrodes at either AC or DC and not have to make any welding program changes.

The radioactivity from thoriated tungsten electrodes can thus be avoided. Another advantage of lanthanated tungsten electrode is being able to be bear high current and having the lowest burn-loss rate.

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Thoriated Tungsten Electrode-Chinatungsten

2% Thoriated Tungsten contains a nominal 2 wt-% or thorium oxide (ThO2) that is evenly dispersed throughout the entire length of the Tungsten. The most common type of Tungsten used today. Thoriated tungsten electrode provides excellent resistance from weld pool contamination while at the same time offers the welder easier arc starting capabilities and a more stable arc. Generally used for DC electrode negative or straight polarity applications such as carbon & stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium.

Thoriated Tungsten electrode is the most commonly used tungsten material, Thoria is low-level radioactive material, but it is was the first to display a significant improvement over pure tungsten.

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Pure Tungsten Electrode-Chinatungsten

Pure tungsten electrode is the one without any addition of oxide. This allows the tip to form a clean, balled end which provides good arc stability on AC. The power of electronic transgression is as high as 4.5ev. Requiring a high voltage for arc derivation, it has a low current capacity and is easily burnt. It’s good for application under the condition of AC and in the situation of low welding requirements.



Pure tungsten electrodes can form a clean, balled tip when heated and provides great arc stability for AC welding with balanced wave. Pure tungsten also provides good arc stability for AC sine wave welding, especially on aluminum and magnesium, but is not typically used for DC welding (it does not provide as strong of arc starts as thoriated or ceriated tungsten electrodes).

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Sapphire Growth Technique History

The history of sapphire growth technique has been more than 100years, since 1885, Fremy, Feil and Wyse applied method of hydroxide flame melting natural ruby ​​powder and potassium dichromate and created "Geneva Ruby".

Since then, in order to meet scientific and technological development and industrial production for the special requirements of sapphire crystal quality, size, shape, and improve the yield of sapphire crystal, utilization and reduce costs, for sapphire growth method, the related research has been stopped and the result is also very significant. The manufacturing capability is going higher and higher. Meanwhile, the matched sapphire growth furnace is going larger and larger for producing crystal with large diameter. Nowadays, the diameter of crystal has increased from 2 inches to 12 inches.

With the rapid development of the sapphire growth, the importance has gone to the lower cost but higher quality. Generally speaking, the methods to grow sapphire crystal are solution growth, melt growth, and growth of three gas phases. And the melt growth due to a rapid growth rate, high purity and crystal integrity and good features, and is used to grow large and the most common method to crystal growth of a particular shape of the crystal.

By growing sapphire crystal, tungsten crucible and heating field are most important for its quality. If you are in need of high quality crucible, please feel free to contact sales@chinatungsten.com.